electronic intelligence attack for the purpose of espionage is the subset of cyber attack whose instances are directed to enable the unauthorized collection of information, resulting in the decrease of value of the information to the victim and the availability, and hence increase in value, of the information to the attacker. electronic intelligence attack for the purpose of espionage is distinct from electronic intelligence attack by virtue of being highly covert. That is, performers of all instances of electronic intelligence attack for the purpose of espionage must be engaged in (a) attempting to disguise the attack from the victim of the attack and others while the attack is in progress, and (b) attempting to disguise the results of the attack after the attack is completed. For an electronic attack to be 'highly' covert, both (a) and (b) are necessary, an attack that is covert requires that only condition (a) be met.