(alternative medical modality fos fn MODALITY) is the subfield of alternative health concerned with the instance of alternative medical care modality MODALITY. For example, (alternative medical modality fos fn acupuncture) denotes acupuncture as a subfield of alternative health. Although many of these therapies are not studied in traditional AcademicDepartments, there are usually schools and training centers that offer instruction and provide a kind of certification to those who complete the training successfully. This function makes it unnecessary to create a hierarchy of alternative medicine subfields paralleling the hierarchy of alternative medical modalities and practitioners that already exists.